Neon– copper (NeCu) metal-vapor laser Įlectrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with neon buffer gas. Helium– selenium (HeSe) metal-vapor laser (Rare) Scientific research, amateur laser construction. paper currency printing), scientific research. Printing and typesetting applications, fluorescence excitation examination (i.e. Metal-vapor lasers Laser gain medium and typeĮlectrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with helium buffer gas. The tuning range of the laser depends on which dye is used. Research, laser medicine, spectroscopy, birthmark removal, isotope separation. Main article: Dye laser Laser gain medium and typeģ90-435 nm ( stilbene), 460-515 nm ( coumarin 102), 570-640 nm ( rhodamine 6G), many others Can operate in continuous wave mode, with power in the megawatt range.Ĭhemical reaction of chlorine atoms with gaseous hydrazoic acid, resulting in excited molecules of nitrogen chloride, which then pass their energy to the iodine atoms. Military lasers, scientific and materials research. transmittance)ġ.315 μm (<70% atmospheric transmittance)Ĭhemical reaction in a jet of singlet delta oxygen and iodine Used in research for laser weaponry, operated in continuous-wave mode, can have power in the megawatt range. Ultraviolet lithography for semiconductor manufacturing, laser surgery, LASIK, scientific research.Ģ.7 to 2.9 μm for hydrogen fluoride (<80% atmospheric transmittance)Ĭhemical reaction in a burning jet of ethylene and nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3) Material processing ( engraving, welding, etc.), photoacoustic spectroscopy.ġ57 nm (F 2), 193.3 nm (ArF), 248 nm (KrF), 308 nm (XeCl), 351 nm (XeF)Įxcimer recombination via electrical discharge Material processing ( laser cutting, laser beam welding, etc.), surgery, dental laser, military lasers. Transverse (high-power) or longitudinal (low-power) electrical discharge Nitrogen lasers can operate superradiantly (without a resonator cavity). Pumping of dye lasers, measuring air pollution, scientific research. Many lines throughout visible spectrum extending into the UV and IR Scientific research, mixed with argon to create "white-light" lasers, light shows. Retinal phototherapy (for diabetes), lithography, confocal microscopy, spectroscopy pumping other lasers.Ĥ16 nm, 530.9 nm, 568.2 nm, 647.1 nm, 676.4 nm, 752.5 nm, 799.3 nm The animal instinct does not change that quickly, and wolves lived in all the Iberian Peninsula until a few centuries ago.Main article: Gas laser Laser gain medium and typeĦ32.8 nm (543.5 nm, 593.9 nm, 611.8 nm, 1.1523 μm, 1.52 μm, 3.3913 μm) If it is applied on the farm/field or the crop, the animal will enter them, and therefore it will not be so effective. It is recommended to use it on the perimeter. On the perimeter of the crop that we wish to protect. It contains wolf urine and liquid extracts that are unpleasant for animals preyed by wolves.Īgainst all those animals preyed by wolves: deer, roe deer, wild boar, cats, etc. It should not chase away your pets, but only wild animals that lurk around your farm/field, crops, etc. It is recommended to apply the same amount after a storm. If it rains it will lose efficacy, as in the case of any repellent. In dry climates it is recommended to apply every 4 weeks. You can also wet a cloth with the liquid. In this way we will protect the liquid from the rain and the animals will still smell it. It is recommended to spray it to optimise the amount used.Īnother option for its use is as follows: introduce the liquid in a small water bottle with holes. No, it does not have a bad smell, but it must be used outdoors, because if used indoors the smell can be strong.Ī spoonful of the liquid is effective for 5 m 2. The mechanism is simple: they smell the urine of their predator and get scared because they think that there are wolves in that area. It is an organic repellent that chases away wolf preys such as wild boar, foxes, deer, roe deer. It is recommended to apply it every 2 weeks or after rains.It is recommended to apply it, with a sprayer attached to small containers, on tracks and on tree trunks.Wolves can feed on deer, roe deer, wild boar and livestock.When the animal that we wish to chase away smells that wolves have marked their territory, it will flee and will not come back.Wolf urine is effective for chasing away animals that are predated by wolves.
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